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Clinical Center (CC)
Mission
The is the nation's largest hospital devoted entirely to clinical research. Clinician-investigators translate scientific observations and laboratory discoveries into new approaches to diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. The Clinical Center was recognized with the for serving as a model research hospital—providing innovative therapy and high-quality patient care, treating rare and severe diseases, and producing outstanding clinician-scientists whose collective work has set a standard of excellence in biomedical research.
About 1,600 clinical research are in progress at the Clinical Center. Half are studies of the natural pathogenesis of disease, especially rare diseases, which often are not studied anywhere else. What researchers learn by studying rare diseases adds to the basic understanding of common diseases. Most other studies are clinical trials, the first tests of new drugs and therapies in people. The clinical trials at the Clinical Center are predominantly Phase I and Phase II—first-in-human to test safety and efficacy. Clinical and laboratory research is conducted shoulder-to-shoulder, and this tandem approach drives all aspects of the Clinical Center’s operations.
More than 500,000 research volunteers have participated in clinical research studies at the Clinical Center since the hospital opened in 1953. Each year, the center sees about 10,000 new , who are split into two types: patient volunteers and . Patient volunteers are people with specific diseases or conditions who help medical investigators learn more about their condition or test new medications, procedures, or treatments. A healthy volunteer is a person with no known significant health problems who plays a vital role in research to test a new drug, device, or intervention.
At the Clinical Center, clinical research participants are active partners in medical discovery, a partnership that has resulted in a long list of , including the first cure of a solid tumor with chemotherapy, gene therapy, use of AZT to treat AIDS, and successful replacement of a mitral valve.
Important Events in Clinical Center History
November 1948 — Construction of the Clinical Center is started.
June 22, 1951 — President Harry S. Truman is the honored guest for the Clinical Center's cornerstone ceremony.
July 2, 1953 — The Clinical Center is dedicated by Department of Health, Education and Welfare Secretary Oveta Culp Hobby.
July 6, 1953 — The first patient is admitted to the Clinical Center.
1954 — The NIH Clinical Center's diagnostic X-ray department acquires the only Schnonander angiocardiographic unit in the United States. It takes films in two planes at the rate of six films per second, permitting a graphic demonstration of contrast substances as they pass through the heart, making diagnosis faster and more accurate.
1957 — The Clinical Pathology Department develops the first automated machine for counting red and white blood cells (until then counted manually).
1957 — The publishes its first research paper, delineating the post-transfusion hepatitis problem, firing the first salvo in a long but largely successful campaign.
1959 — A new, circular surgical wing is built.
ٱ1963 — A new surgical wing for cardiac and neurosurgery was dedicated by Surgeon General Luther L. Terry.
1963 — The moves to a new area and blood collections begin on the NIH campus.
1964 — Drs. (Clinical Center) and Baruch Blumberg (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) co-discover the Australian antigen, which Blumberg later shows to be the surface coating of the hepatitis B virus, leading to the isolation of this medically important virus. Blumberg later wins the Nobel Prize. Alter, who later receives the Lasker Award, does pioneering work in the causes and prevention of blood-transmitted infections, which helps lead to the discovery of the virus that causes hepatitis C and the development of screening methods that will reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis.
1964 — and associates in diagnostic radiology report the first successful imaging of the arteries that supply the spinal cord. The technique of spinal angiography makes surgical intervention possible where spinal arterial malformations, lesions, or tumors cause paralysis.
1966 — A Nuclear Medicine Department is established in the NIH Clinical Center.
1966 — Wanda S. Chappell, chief nurse in the Blood Bank, comes up with a simple but ingenious method for separating blood platelets (the smallest blood cells) from blood plasma, so that the platelets can be used for transfusion to leukemia patients and the rest of the blood can be used by others, including patients undergoing open heart surgery.
1968 — Diagnostic radiologist develops a method for locating the parathyroid, a group of glands (each about the size of a BB pellet) that regulates calcium metabolism.
1970 — The switches to an all-volunteer donor system, and adds a test for hepatitis B surface antigen. Those two measures alone reduce the hepatitis rate from 30 percent before 1970 to about 11 percent after. Later, when it adds more sensitive tests for hepatitis B, the virus virtually disappears as a problem in the .
1972 — scientists develop a test for the antigen associated with hepatitis. The test will eventually be used nationally.
1976 — An electronic medical information system — one of the nation's first — is introduced at the NIH Clinical Center.
April 1977 — Construction of the ambulatory care research facility is started.
November 1977 — The is established.
1977 — The establishes therapeutic apheresis/exchange programs that for decades will improve the lifespan and welfare of patients with such illnesses as sickle cell disease, hyperlipidemia, and autoimmune disorders. It also establishes the first automated platelet-pheresis center, collecting platelets for transfusion from volunteer donors using automated instrumentation.
1980 — The research hospital is renamed the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, in honor of the former chairman of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, who has actively supported biomedical research at NIH since 1937. (P.L. 96-518.)
June 16, 1981 — The first patient with the new disease, later to be named AIDS/HIV, is seen at the NIH Clinical Center.
1981 — Clinical research dietitians develop standards of care for the and devise diets with controlled intake of certain nutrients to support clinical research.
1982 — A new surgical facility and a surgical intensive care unit opens.
March 22, 1984 — The first magnetic resonance imaging unit becomes operational for patient imaging.
1984 — The Clinical Center is renamed the Department of Transfusion Medicine because its activities extend well beyond traditional blood banking. DTM achieves the first transmission of HIV (HTLV III) to a primate through transfusion and describes the HIV seronegative window.
April 13, 1985 — Two cyclotrons are delivered to the underground facility operated by the Department.
1986 — The Clinical Center signs an agreement to become one of the first donor centers participating in the National Marrow Donor Program.
September 14, 1990 — A 4-year-old patient with adenosine deaminate deficiency is the first to receive gene therapy treatment.
April 8, 1991 — The opens its state-of-the-art facility.
July 1993 — The hematology/bone marrow unit opens to improve transplant procedures and develop gene therapy techniques.
May 1994 — A multi-institute unit designed and staffed for children opens.
1995 — The course “” is first offered. It provides education in the basics of safe, ethical, and efficient clinical research.
February 1996 — Details on clinical research studies conducted at the Clinical Center are made available online at , increasing opportunities for physicians and patient volunteers to participate in NIH clinical investigations.
November 1996 — A Board of Governors is appointed by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, marking a new governing system for the Clinical Center.
July 1997 — The launches a 3,000-square feet model core [cGMP] cell processing facility, created to meet increasing investigative needs for cell products used in new cellular therapies such as immunotherapy, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, and pancreatic islet cell transplantation.
November 4, 1997 — Vice President Al Gore and Senator Mark O. Hatfield attend groundbreaking ceremonies for the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, designed to include a new hospital and research laboratories.
1999 — The Clinical Pathology Department is renamed the .
1999 — The is established to speed translation of promising laboratory discoveries into new medical treatments by encouraging collaborations among basic scientists and clinical investigators.
2000 — The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Clinical Center (in collaboration with Walter Reed Army Medical Center, the Naval Medical Research Center, and the Diabetes Research Institute of the University of Miami) launch a new kidney, pancreas, and islet transplant program. The idea is to test novel therapies that may eliminate the need for the immunosuppressive drugs patients take to keep their bodies from rejecting new transplanted organs.
2000 — The Clinical Center launches a new .
2000 — The Program takes first steps toward filmless radiology, unveiling the pilot phase of its new Picture Archiving and Communication System and Radiology Information System.
2001 — A second bone marrow transplant unit opens to support the National Cancer Institute protocols.
2002 — The establishes a model program for collecting blood from subjects with hereditary hemochromatosis. This program supplies 10 percent of the hospital's red cell needs.
October 29, 2002 — A groundbreaking ceremony is held for the . Located steps away from the Clinical Center, the lodge provides a comfortable home away from home for the families and caretakers of Clinical Center patients.
2003 — The is established to help train the next generation of clinical researchers.
2004 — As recommended by the NIH Director's Blue Ribbon Panel on the Future of Intramural Clinical Research, the former Clinical Center Board of Governors assumes a new and larger identity, becoming the NIH Advisory Board for Clinical Research. The board oversees all intramural clinical research, while continuing its oversight of Clinical Center resources, planning, and operations.
2004 — The NIH Clinical Center formalizes an emergency preparedness partnership with Suburban Hospital and the National Naval Medical Center.
August 21, 2004 — The NIH Clinical Center's updated electronic goes live.
September 22, 2004 — The is held for the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center.
2005 — Radiologist finds that computer-aided software, in conjunction with a procedure commonly called virtual colonoscopy, can deliver results comparable to conventional colonoscopy for detecting the most worrisome types of polyps.
2005 — chief Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel co-authors a study suggesting that minority involvement in clinical research is more a matter of access than attitude.
2005 — The opens its clinical movement analysis lab, a joint venture with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child health and Human Development.
April 2, 2005 — Patients are moved into the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center and the building becomes fully operational.
May 26, 2005 — An opening ceremony is held for the . The lodge opens its doors to guests on June 1.
2006 — The extends to include intramural and extramural collaborations.
2006 — and Patient Care Services initiates a collaboration with the Indian Health Service to increase clinical nursing research capabilities.
2007 — The first of 1,000 volunteers are enrolled in a study led by the National Human Genome Research institute to test the use of human genome sequencing in a clinical research study.
January 25, 2007 — A is held for a new NIH metabolic clinical research unit that provides researchers from multiple institutes the opportunity to study obesity and related conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease and certain cancers.
2008 — The Undiagnosed Diseases Program is established, led by the National Human Genome Research Institute, the NIH Office of Rare Diseases, and the NIH Clinical Center to help and learn from patients who have eluded diagnosis.
2008 — Clinical Center nurses undertake a multi-year project to define the clinical research domain of practice and lead the way in establishing it as a recognized nursing specialty practice.
2008 — An adaptation of the Clinical Center course “” is presented in Beijing.
2008 — The Clinical Center begins a partnership with the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Department of Defense to conduct clinical research studies in the fields of neuroscience and regenerative medicine. The research involves military and civilian populations.
2009 — Two new trans-NIH imaging resources are initiated, the and the .
July 2009 — The , launches its NIH-wide intramural research data repository allowing investigators to view identified data from their active protocols. By December, intramural researchers are able to access de-identified data from clinical and research systems across the NIH intramural programs. is designed to facilitate hypothesis generation, data gathering, and analysis.
2009 — The begins use of a prototype cell expansion system to automate bone marrow stromal cell expansion.
2009 — Computed tomography (CT) and /CT equipment purchased by the Clinical Center is now required to routinely record radiation dose exposure in a patient's hospital-based electronic medical record.
January 2010 — The opens a state-of-the-art pharmaceutical development facility where staff formulate and analyze vaccines and medications not available from manufacturers. These products account for one-third of the drugs (including placebos and varying strengths) that the Clinical Center uses in its research protocols.
April 2010 — The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases seven-bed opens, with advanced isolation and extended-stay capabilities.
June 2011 — The Clinical Center graduates 12 interns from the pilot NIH-internship program, providing employment opportunities and experience for young adults with developmental disabilities.
September 2011 — The Clinical Center is named the 2011 recipient of the from the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation. The award honors the Clinical Center for serving as a model institution that has transformed scientific advances into innovative therapies and provided high-quality care to patients.
October 2011 — The Clinical Center acquires one of the first fully integrated whole-body simultaneous and magnetic resonance imaging devices.
February 2012 — The Clinical Center established a Memorandum of Understanding allowing NIH intramural clinical studies of children under the age of two in the Clinical and Translational Science Award clinical unit at Children's National Medical Center in Washington, DC.
March 2012 — A new Joint Taskforce between the Clinical Center and the Food and Drug Administration was created to consider exceptions to existing Investigational New Drug policies and procedures for extraordinary clinical circumstances.
August 2012 — Researchers from the NIH Clinical Center and National Human Genome Research Institute published a novel use of genome sequencing to help quell Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria outbreak at the Clinical Center in Science and Translational Medicine.
August 2012 — The NIH Clinical Center announces a new grant program, at the hospital, which will support partnerships to expand engagement with extramural investigators interested in collaborating with intramural researchers, using the Clinical Center’s unique resources.
September 2012 — The first class of the new NIH started the year-long research enrichment program, engaging in a mentored basic, clinical, or translational research project that matches their professional interests and career goals.
October 2013 — The Clinical Center’s Drs. Julie Segre, Evan Snitkin, Tara Palmore, and David Henderson earn the title "Federal Employees of the Year" for their breakthrough in tracking and controlling of a cluster of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections at the Clinical Center with the use of DNA sequencing.
March 2014 — The The NIH Clinical Center is opened to non-government researchers through three-year renewable research grants of up to $500,000 per year. The new program will allow scientists to collaborate with NIH investigators in a highly specialized hospital setting as they work toward translating promising laboratory discoveries into improved disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
October 2014 — The NIH Clinical Center admits its , which causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. The patient was treated in the Special Clinical Studies Unit which is specifically designed to provide high-level isolation capabilities and is staffed by infectious diseases and critical care specialists. She was discharged Oct. 24, declared free of the Ebola virus, after five negative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests.
September 2015 — The NIH Clinical Center was announced as the first federal medical facility to be recognized by ľֱ and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Analytics. The Clinical Center was awarded the research hospital Stage 7 certification, the highest level attainable, for its electronic medical record adoption model, eliminating the use of paper charts and maintaining a superior electronic medical record system for inpatient care.
March 2016 — A photon-counting computed tomography (CT) scanner is used in patients for the first time at the NIH Clinical Center. The prototype technology is expected to replicate the image quality of conventional CT scanning, but may also provide health care specialists with an enhanced look inside the body through multi-energy imaging.
January 2017 — serves as the first chief executive officer of the NIH Clinical Center.
August 2017 — "" a three-part documentary series about the NIH Clinical Center’s staff and patients airs. The program, produced by The Discovery Channel, highlights the innovation and hard work that takes place in the hospital, depicts how challenging illness are diagnosed and treated and provides an inside look at the successes and setbacks that are a part of experimental medicine.
August 2017 — Researchers from the NIH Clinical Center's Rehabilitation Medicine Department created the first specifically designed to treat crouch (or flexed-knee) gait in children. Crouch gait, the excessive bending of the knees while walking, is a common and debilitating condition in children with cerebral palsy. The exoskeleton provides powered knee extension assistance to support patients at key points during the walking cycle.
July 2018 — The NIH Clinical Center opens a as a part of its Medical Oncology section. The unit is comprised of two rooms that have been converted into a home-like environment where families can stay with adult patients who are nearing end of life. Each suite has a bedroom and a communal space, including a kitchen and family sitting area.
October 2020 — NIH Clinical Center researcher wins the for his contributions to the discovery of the hepatitis C virus. Alter, a Senior Scholar in the hospital’s Department of Transfusion Medicine, shares the award with Michael Houghton, PhD, from the University of Alberta in Canada and Charles M. Rice, PhD, from Rockefeller University in New York City. Dr. Alter’s career at NIH has spanned more than 50 years where he focused his research on the occurrence of hepatitis in patients who had received blood transfusions.
October 2021 — The NIH Clinical Center unveils , a free game application aimed at children, teens and their families to better help them understand the layout of the hospital, the programs and services offered onsite and the procedures and tests patients might undergo. Treasure Tour provides a look at six different patient care areas of the Clinical Center. Players can explore the hospital's pediatric clinic, one of the day hospitals, an inpatient unit, the phlebotomy lab, radiology and imaging sciences and the Department of Perioperative Medicine. All are presented in a kid-friendly way and are easily recognizable to anyone who has visited, or will soon visit, the hospital. Treasure Tour can be played on web-based platforms and downloaded to iOS devices in the App Store or to Android devices in the Google Play Store.
2022 — The NIH Clinical Center ; looking at early interventions that may cure diseases and prevent negative outcomes that can occur in some rare diseases. The hospital's Pediatric Consult Service became the Department of Pediatrics, and one of the first initiatives was to establish the Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) service with the goal of creating 24/7 pediatric, age appropriate care by in-house hospitalists.
CC Legislative Chronology
July 1, 1944 — Public Law 78-410, the Public Health Service Act, authorized establishment of the Clinical Center.
July 8, 1947 — Under P.L. 80-165, research construction provisions of the Appropriations Act for FY 1948 provided funds "For the acquisition of a site, and the preparation of plans, specifications, and drawings, for additional research buildings and a 600-bed clinical research hospital and necessary accessory buildings related thereto to be used in general medical research."
December 12, 1980 — Senate Joint Resolution 213 designates the Clinical Center as the "Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center of the ľֱ."
September 12, 1996 — House Resolution 3755, Section 218, named the new clinical research center at the ľֱ as the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center.
Biographical Sketch of Clinical Center Chief Executive Officer Dr. James K. Gilman
Selected as the first chief executive officer (CEO) for the NIH Clinical Center in December 2016, Dr. Gilman oversees day-to-day operations and management of the research hospital on NIH's Bethesda campus – one of the largest such facilities in the world. Dr. Gilman guides the overall performance of the Clinical Center, focusing particularly on setting a high bar for patient safety and quality of care, including the development of new hospital operations policies.
Dr. Gilman earned a degree in biological engineering at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in 1974 and an MD at the Indiana University School of Medicine in 1978. He is board certified in both Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases and is a fellow of the American College of Cardiology and the American College of Physicians.
Dr. Gilman served 35 years in the U.S. Army, culminating as major general of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland. He led several Army hospitals during his career — Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Walter Reed Health Care System, Washington, D.C.; and Bassett Army Community Hospital, Fort Wainwright, Alaska. He also served as director of Health Policy and Services responsible for all aspects of professional activities and healthcare policy in the Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. Army Medical Command.
Following his retirement from the U.S. Army in 2013 as a major general, Dr. Gilman served as executive director of Johns Hopkins Military & Veterans Institute in Baltimore.
Clinical Center Directors
| Name | In Office from | To |
|---|---|---|
| Jack Masur | 1948 1956 |
1951 1969 |
| John A. Trautman | 1951 | 1954 |
| Donald W. Patrick | 1954 | 1956 |
| Thomas C. Chalmers | 1970 | 1973 |
| Robert S. Gordon, Jr. | 1974 | 1975 |
| Mortimer B. Lipsett | 1976 | 1982 |
| John L. Decker | 1983 | 1990 |
| Saul Rosen (Acting) | 1990 | 1994 |
| John I. Gallin | 1994 | 2017 |
Clinical Center Chief Executive Officers
| Name | In Office from | To |
|---|---|---|
| James K. Gilman | 2017 | present |
Major Programs
As America's research hospital, the NIH Clinical Center leads the global effort in training today's investigators and discovering tomorrow's cures.
The Clinical Center's mission is to provide a versatile clinical research environment enabling the NIH mission to improve human health by:
- Investigating the pathogenesis of disease
- Conducting first-in-human clinical trials with an emphasis on rare diseases and diseases of high public health impact
- Developing state-of-the-art diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic interventions
- Training the current and next generation of clinical researchers
- Ensuring that clinical research is ethical, efficient, and of high scientific quality
Major components: Administrative Management; Bioethics; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Clinical Research Informatics; Clinical Research Training and Medical Education; Communications and Media Relations; Credentials Services; Critical Care Medicine; Edmond J. Safra Family Lodge; Financial Resource Management; Hospital Epidemiology; Housekeeping and Fabric Care; Hospitality Services; Internal Medicine Consults; Laboratory Medicine; Laboratory for Informatics Development; Management Analysis and Reporting; Materials Management; Medical Records; Nursing; Nutrition; Pain and Palliative Care; Patient Recruitment; Perioperative Medicine; Pharmacy; Purchasing and Contracts; Rehabilitation Medicine; Transfusion Medicine; Pediatric Consults; Protocol Services; Radiology and Imaging Sciences; Social Work; Space and Facility Management; Spiritual Care Ministry; Veterinary Care; Workforce and Management Development.
This page last reviewed on March 5, 2024